Vodafone Americas Foundation

Deadline Date of February 1, 2010 to Apply for up to $650,000 in Cash and Prizes for Wireless Projects Demonstrating Promise Of Solving Critical Global Issues and mHealth

The Vodafone Americas Foundationä announced the last call for nominations for the second annual Wireless Innovation Project, a competition to identify and reward the most promising advances in wireless related technologies that can be used to solve critical problems around the globe. Proposals will be accepted through February 1, 2010, with the final winners announced on April 19, 2010 at the annual Global Philanthropy Forum in Redwood City, California.

“We’re encouraged by the entries we’ve received to date, and hope to see more come in before the deadline,” said Terry Kramer, President Vodafone Americas Foundationä.  “Last year’s winners produced impressive technologies that now have the potential to make a significant impact in developing countries.”

Vodafone Americas Foundation will award a total of $600,000 to the first ($300,000), second ($200,000) and third-prize ($100,000) winners of the Wireless Innovation Project.  In addition, the mHealth Alliance Award will be given to the project demonstrating the most potential to solve critical health issues, particularly in developing countries. The winner of the mHealth Alliance Award will receive a cash prize and benefits totaling $50,000, including participation in Santa Clara University’s Center for Science, Technology, and Society’s Global Social Benefit Incubator Program (GSBI™).  The winner will also receive strategic and networking assistance from the mHealth Alliance, an umbrella group founded by the Rockefeller Foundation, United Nations Foundation and Vodafone Foundation that supports cross-sector collaboration in delivering healthcare to the furthest reaches of wireless communications.

Although projects may be global in scope, applicants for the Wireless Innovation Project must be nonprofits, educational institutions or social entrepreneurs based in the United States. Up to $650,000 will be awarded to wireless projects demonstrating exceptional promise to solve a critical global issue in the following fields: education; health; access to communication; the environment; or economic development.  Moreover, the innovation can also represent a significant advancement in wireless related technology to help solve issues such as connectivity, language barriers and energy use.  Projects must be at a stage of development where an advanced prototype or field test can occur during the award period.

A panel of judges from the fields of wireless engineering, international development, social entrepreneurship and business will evaluate the applications for their potential to solve a critical global issue in the fields of education, health, access to communication, the environment or economic development.

Complete detailed information about eligibility and an application can be found at http://project.vodafone-us.com/. 

If you would like to learn more about the Vodafone Wireless Innovation Project, please join us on Thursday, Dec. 10th at 10:30am PST via webcast: 

1. Please download a copy of Quicktime player for your computers, if you haven’t already got a copy installed.
2. Open Quicktime Player, and insert the URL in the ‘FILE – OPEN URL’ selection from the QT Player menu.
3. The URL for the workshop is:

1. rtsp://clsqt1b.ucsf.edu/cfrworkshop.sdp
2. To ask questions (if joining by Live Webcast), send your question by email in advance or during the workshop to: lmedeiros@support.ucsf.edu

More information:

 

A WORKSHOP to Explore the Vodafone Americas Foundation’s Wireless Innovations Project – Grant Program

Sponsored by UCSF Global Health Sciences, UCSF Corporate and Foundation Relations and Vodafone Americas Foundation

WORKSHOP AGENDA

UCSF Mission Bay Campus – Genentech Hall, Byers Auditorium

600 16th Street  

December 10, 2009

10:00 am:

Coffee Reception

10:30 am:

Welcome – James Kahn, MD, Professor of Medicine, UCSF

10:35 am

: Introduction of Vodafone Americas Foundation Innovation Project

Presented by:

3. June Sugiyama, Director, Vodafone Americas Foundation and
4. Dr. Stanley Chia, Technical Advisor to Vodafone Americas Foundation and Senior Director,

Vodafone Group, Research and Development

10:55 am:

Q/A with June Sugiyama and Dr. Stanley Chia

(Web participants, email questions to: lmedeiros@support.ucsf.edu)

11:10 am:

Panel Presentations and Q&A

Presented by:

• Technical Advisor to Vodafone Americas Foundation – Dr. Stanley Chia

• Awardee for Cellophone Project – Aydogan Ozcan, PhD, Assistant Professor, UCLA

• Awardee for Cellscope Project – Daniel Fletcher PhD, Associate Professor, UCB

11:40 am:

Question and Answers for panelists

(Web participants, email questions to: lmedeiros@support.ucsf.edu)

11:55 am:

Closing Comments – James Kahn, MD, Professor of Medicine, UCSF

12:00 pm:

Luncheon and Open Forum –Please join us for an informal luncheon and share your ideas for technology projects and get introduced to colleagues with common interests.

____________________

The Goal of the Workshop

is to share the Vodafone Americas Foundation’s Wireless Innovations Project (a grant program) with interested applicants (engineers, scientists, technology and healthcare experts) from diverse backgrounds who have innovative wireless technology ideas that can be applied to social purpose. For more information on the project, go to:http://project.vodafone-us.com/

 

 

 

____________________

The Goal of the Workshop

 

 

June Sugiyama

Director

Vodafone Americas Foundation

June Sugiyama is the Director of the Vodafone Americas Foundation. Located in Walnut Creek, California, the Foundation provides grants in the San Francisco Bay Area and Denver. The latest project of the Foundation is the Vodafone Wireless Innovation Project, a competition to seek the best wireless technology that addresses critical issues around the globe.

Vodafone Americas Foundation is affiliated with Vodafone Americas Inc., part of the international British wireless telecommunications company, Vodafone Group Plc. Headquartered in the UK, Vodafone is considered one of the largest telecommunications companies in the world, with over 60,000 employees and operations in 25 countries across five continents. It currently holds 45% interest in Verizon Wireless in the United States. It has always been a policy of the company to open a foundation where it has operations; currently there are 23 foundations forming the Vodafone family of foundations worldwide.

June serves on the board of Northern California Grantmakers (NCG); participates in the Arts Loan Fund, the Emergency Loan Fund and Corporate Contributions Roundtable of NCG; she also serves on the advisory board of the Foundation Center in San Francisco, the advisory committee of the Vodafone Group Foundation & United Nations Foundation Technology Partnership; and has served on the board of the National Japanese American Historical Society, the Business Arts Council in San Francisco and Nobiru-kai, a Japanese newcomers association. June received her teaching credential and liberal studies degree at San Francisco State University, masters and specialist credential at University of San Francisco, and has teaching experience with schools throughout the Bay Area, especially in the Japanese Bilingual Programs. She has held the position at the Vodafone Americas Foundation for the past ten years.

Stanley Chia, PhD

Senior Director

Vodafone Group, Research and Development

Dr. Stanley Chia is Senior Director, Vodafone Group R&D. He has been with the mobile communications industry for over 25 years and has held positions in operation, technology, and strategy. Prior to joining Vodafone and AirTouch Communications, he worked for British Telecom Laboratories and British Telecom International. He has extensive international working experience in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Africa. He is currently leading strategic research for the company on emerging markets and future technologies. He is Senior Member of Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers (US) and Fellow of Institution of Engineering and Technology (UK).

Daniel A. Fletcher

Associate Professor, Department of Bioengineering Faculty Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Deputy Division Director, Physical Biosciences Division, LBL

Dan Fletcher is an Associate Professor in the Bioengineering Department and Biophysics Program at the University of California, Berkeley, where his research focuses on the biophysics of cell motility and the cytoskeleton and development of biomedical devices for disease diagnosis. Recent work from his laboratory includes measurement of actin network growth behavior that drives crawling motility, development of vesicle encapsulation technology for cellular reconstitution, and demonstration of fluorescence microscopy on a mobile phone using a device called the CellScope.

Dr. Fletcher received a B.S.E. from Princeton University and a D.Phil. from Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar. He received a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University as an NSF Graduate Research Fellow and was a Postdoctoral Fellow in Biochemistry at the Stanford University School of Medicine as part of the Stanford Bio-X program. His research has received an NSF CAREER Award, a National Inventors Hall of Fame Collegiate Award, and

was designated “Best of What’s New” by Popular Science magazine. Last year he was named a White House Fellow and worked with the Office of Science and Technology Policy at the White House. Dr. Fletcher is also Deputy Director of the Physical Biosciences Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Faculty Affiliate of the QB3 and CITRIS Institutes at UC Berkeley, a member of the Bioengineering, Biophysics, and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Graduate Groups, and Deputy Director of the Cell Propulsion Lab, an NIH Nanomedicine Development Center based at UCSF.

Aydogan Ozcan,

 

 

Stanford University Electrical Engineering Department in 2005. After a short post-doctoral fellowship at Stanford University, he is appointed as a Research Faculty Member at Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine in 2006. Dr. Ozcan joined UCLA

in the summer of 2007, where he is currently leading the Bio- and Nano-Photonics Laboratory at the Electrical Engineering Department. Prof. Ozcan’s research group is also part of UCLA California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), where he is currently serving as a member of the research committee.

Dr. Ozcan holds 14 US patents, 1 UK patent and another 9 pending patent applications for his inventions in nanoscopy, wide-field imaging, nonlinear optics, fiber optics, and optical coherence tomography. All of his patents are currently

 

 

licensed by Northrop Grumman Corporation, which is the leading defense company in US. Dr. Ozcan is also the co-author of more than 70 peer reviewed research articles in major scientific journals and conferences. Dr. Ozcan is serving in the Scientific Advisory Board of the Lifeboat Foundation, and is a member of the program committee of SPIE Photonics West Conference. He also serves as a panelist and a reviewer for National Science Foundation

and for Harvard-MIT Innovative Technology for Medicine Program. For his work on lensfree on-chip imaging and diagnostic tools, Prof. Ozcan received the prestigious
 

 

2008 Okawa Foundation Research Award, given by the Okawa Foundation, in Japan. Prof. Ozcan also received the 2009 ONR Young Investigator Award and the 2009 IEEE Photonics Society’s (LEOS) Young Investigator Award for his pioneering contributions to non-destructive nonlinear material characterization and near-field and on-chip imaging & diagnostics. He is also the receipient of a National Science Foundation Award on “Biophotonics, Advanced Imaging, and Sensing for Human Health” for his on-chip plasmonic microscopy work. Dr. Ozcan was also awarded the Presidential Fellowship from the Turkish Ministry of Education in 1996 (declined). Dr. Ozcan is a member of IEEE, LEOS, EMBS, OSA, SPIE and BMES.

Assistant Professor

University of California, Los Angeles

ozcan@ee.ucla.edu

NIH Director’s New Innovator Award, 2009 MIT’s TR35 Award, 2009 Wireless Innovation Project Award, Vodafone Americas Foundation, 2009 Office of Naval Research (ONR) Young Investigator Award, 2009 IEEE LEOS Young Investigator Award, 2009 Okawa Award, 2008

Research Group: Bio- and Nano-Photonics Laboratory Prof. Aydogan Ozcan received his Ph.D. degree at
 
is to share the Vodafone Americas Foundation’s Wireless Innovations Project (a grant program) with interested applicants (engineers, scientists, technology and healthcare experts) from diverse backgrounds who have innovative wireless technology ideas that can be applied to social purpose. For more information on the project, go to: http://project.vodafone-us.com/

Speaker Biographies

James Kahn, MD

Professor of Medicine

University of California, San Francisco jkahn@php.ucsf.edu

Dr. James Kahn is a Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco campus specializing in patient-oriented research in the areas of HIV pathogenesis, disease modeling and the development of electronic medical record and communications between patients and clinicians. Dr. Kahn was an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley and graduated from the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine with a degree in History. He received training as a medical intern and junior medical resident at Johns Hopkins Hospital, returning to UCSF to complete an internal medicine residency, a medical oncology fellowship and to participate in a medical epidemiology fellowship. Dr. Kahn joined the UCSF AIDS Program at San Francisco General Hospital in 1987.

He has received a career award from the American Cancer Society and two career awards from the NIH. Dr. Kahn received one of twelve NIH “Re-engineering Clinical Research” awards from the NIH. He has provided the clinical leadership for several NIH funded innovative programs including the Primary HIV Infection and Post Exposure Prevention (PEP) projects and has developed an electronic medical record system, HERO (Healthcare Evaluation Record Organizer) and the linked personal health record (myHERO) for the dual purpose of providing a platform for clinical care and research. The expansion of clinical data elements and the ongoing curation and harmonization of the data elements is a focus of Dr. Kahn’s scholarly activities.

Working collaboratively with others, Dr. Kahn developed a mentoring program now in its fifth year for the UCSF-Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology’s Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) and the Mentor Development Program for the recently funded UCSF Clinical and Translational Science Institute. He is a member of the Coro-UCSF Leadership Program. He is the chair of the Research Administration Board at UCSF. Dr. Kahn serves as co-chair for the Information, Communication and Education Technology Committee for the UC School of Global Health. He has served on NIH review committees and has been a consultant to the Institute of Medicine, the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Military Infectious Disease Research Program and served on a State of the Science panel at the NIH. Dr. Kahn was a member of the Rockefeller Foundation convened conference on mHealth and was the chair of the mHealth meeting at UCSF in 2009. He is recently the recipient of an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds to expand mHealth and focus on text messages for HIV/AIDS patients receiving care at San Francisco General Hospital.

Luncheon and Open Forum –Please join us for an informal luncheon and share your ideas for technology projects and get introduced to colleagues with common interests. Closing Comments – James Kahn, MD, Professor of Medicine, UCSF

Question and Answers for panelists

(Web participants, email questions to: lmedeiros@support.ucsf.edu)

Panel Presentations and Q&A Presented by:

• Technical Advisor to Vodafone Americas Foundation – Dr. Stanley Chia

• Awardee for Cellophone Project – Aydogan Ozcan, PhD, Assistant Professor, UCLA

• Awardee for Cellscope Project – Daniel Fletcher PhD, Associate Professor, UCB

Q/A with June Sugiyama and Dr. Stanley Chia

(Web participants, email questions to: lmedeiros@support.ucsf.edu)

: Introduction of Vodafone Americas Foundation Innovation Project Presented by:
1. June Sugiyama, Director, Vodafone Americas Foundation and
2. Dr. Stanley Chia, Technical Advisor to Vodafone Americas Foundation and Senior Director,

Vodafone Group, Research and Development

Welcome – James Kahn, MD, Professor of Medicine, UCSF Coffee Reception

 

 

Award provides dedicated mHealth funding as part of Vodafone Americas Foundation’s Wireless Innovation Project

To spur innovation in the development of wireless solutions to global health challenges, the Vodafone Americas Foundation and the mHealth Alliance announced today a partnership that will expand the Vodafone Americas Foundation’s Wireless Innovation Project to include the new mHealth Alliance Award. The award will be granted to the developer of an innovative wireless technology with the most potential to address critical health challenges, especially in developing regions.

“In places where roads remain unpaved, and where basic infrastructure such as clean water and electricity are scant, mobile phones already have become an empowering force for millions,” said David Aylward, Executive Director of the mHealth Alliance. “The mHealth Alliance Award challenges innovators and social entrepreneurs to use mobile technology to advance health delivery in even the most remote environments, such as through improved diagnosis, treatment or access to information.”

The winner of the mHealth Alliance Award will receive a cash prize and benefits totaling $50,000, including participation in Santa Clara University’s Center for Science, Technology, and Society’s Global Social Benefit Incubator Program (GSBI™), a highly competitive program that connects innovators with a Silicon Valley support network and provides instruction on how to achieve maximum sustainability and impact in social enterprises.  In addition, the winner will receive strategic and networking assistance from the mHealth Alliance, an umbrella group founded by the Rockefeller Foundation, United Nations Foundation and Vodafone Foundation that supports cross-sector collaboration in delivering healthcare to the furthest reaches of wireless communications.

“We are thrilled to partner with the mHealth Alliance to further encourage new technology in the field,” said June Sugiyama, Executive Director of the Vodafone Americas Foundation. “This is an ideal partnership because we share a common goal of improving livelihoods through wireless and mobile technology.”

The Vodafone Wireless Innovation Project is now underway, with applications being accepted through February 1, 2010.  Although projects may be global in scope, the applicants must be from nonprofits based in the United States. A panel of judges from the fields of wireless engineering, international development, social entrepreneurship and business will evaluate the applications for their potential to solve a critical global issue in the fields of education, health, access to communication, the environment or economic development.  Vodafone Americas Foundation will award first ($300,000), second ($200,000) and third ($100,000) prizes, and the new mHealth Alliance Award. The winner of the mHealth Alliance Award is eligible for the first three prizes as well. mHealth Alliance Award and Wireless Innovation Project winners will be announced at the Global Philanthropy Forum in April 19, 2010.

The Vodafone Americas Foundationä is pleased to announce the launch of the second annual Vodafone Wireless Innovation Project, a competition to identify and reward the most promising advances in wireless related technologies, which can be used to solve critical problems around the globe.  Proposals will be accepted from October 5, 2009 through February 1, 2010, with the final winners announced on April 19, 2010 at the annual Global Philanthropy Forum in Redwood City, CA, one of the Wireless Innovation Project’s nonprofit partners.

“We’re committed to creating and fostering technology that will make a difference for the world,” said Terry Kramer, President Vodafone Americas Foundationä.  “Last year’s competition introduced the world to some impressive new wireless technologies, which are now strongly positioned to make a real difference in people’s lives in areas such as disaster relief and mobile health.”

Vodafone Americas Foundation will award a total of $600,000 to the first, second and third-prize winners of the Wireless Innovation Project.

Vodafone, through its foundations, has long recognized that wireless technology has the potential to make the most significant impacts in the world particularly in developing countries, which lack basic infrastructure, access to communication, and other key resources.  Guided by its “Passion for the World Around Us,” Vodafone Americas Foundation created the Wireless Innovation Project to foster creativity and fund the most promising innovations, which have the potential to solve pressing issues around the globe. Continuing this important work is in alignment with Vodafone and its global network of 23 foundations which, through grants and contributions of close to $60,000,000, are helping hundreds of thousands of people around the world lead better, fuller lives.

Applicants for the Wireless Innovation Project must be nonprofits, educational institutions or social entrepreneurs based in the United States. Up to $600,000 will be awarded to wireless projects demonstrating exceptional promise to solve a critical global issue in the following fields: education; health; access to communication; the environment; or economic development.  Moreover, the innovation can also represent a significant advancement in wireless related technology to help solve issues such as connectivity, language barriers and energy use.  Projects must be at a stage of development where an advanced prototype or field test can occur during the award period. Complete detailed information about eligibility and an application can be found at http://project.vodafone-us.com/  

“It was a thrill to have our work recognized last year,” said John Kymissis, Professor of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University and co-developer of Energy Harvesting Active Network Tags (EnHANTs), the 2009 first place winner.  “Since then, we and other colleagues at Columbia University obtained an additional $16 million in grant money from the Department of Energy that will enable us to further develop the energy harvesting components of our system.”

2009 Winners

Energy Harvesting Active Network Tags (EnHANTs) (First Place Winner, $300,000) –Wireless tags that harness solar and kinetic energy, and will be carried by people and embedded in buildings.  In the event of a disaster – a building collapse or a fire — the tags will communicate with each other and create a wireless network that will provide rescue forces information regarding who is in a building and where they are located. (Developed by Columbia University)

CellScope (Second Place Winners, $200,000) – A compact, high-resolution cell phone microscope using cell phone cameras to do onsite microscopic medical diagnosis in the developing world.  The CellScope is particularly useful for infectious disease diagnosis, especially TB and malaria. (Developed by University of California, Berkeley)

CelloPhone (Second Place Winners, $200,000) – A wireless and lens-free blood and fluid analyzer that can capture digital cellular images in the field, and transmit them to a central medical lab for diagnostic purposes.  The CelloPhone is capable of monitoring HIV, malaria and TB in developing countries.  (Developed by University of California, Los Angeles)

About the Vodafone Americas Foundation

Vodafone Americas Foundation is part of Vodafone’s global network of foundations. We are affiliated with Vodafone Group Plc, the world’s leading mobile telecommunications company, with equity interests in 27 countries and Partner Markets in more than 40 countries. As of December 31, 2008, Vodafone had approximately 289 million proportionate customers worldwide. In the U.S., our foundation directs its philanthropic activities towards the San Francisco Bay and the Metro Denver Areas where most of our employees live and work, and where we strive to make a positive and enduring impact on our communities. The Foundation is driven by a passion for the world around us. We make grants that help people in our communities and around the world lead fuller lives.

The United Nations Foundation and Vodafone Foundation Partnership, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the world’s largest association of technical professionals are announcing the launch of a new initiative called The Humanitarian Technology Challenge (HTC).  HTC is a project that is designed to identify and help develop technology-based solutions to current challenges facing humanitarian workers and others working in resource-constrained environments. They are matching humanitarian professionals and technologists who are interested in contributing their time and expertise to help develop technological solutions to challenges that aid workers and development experts face working in the field.

Stay tuned for a list of keynote speakers and panelists selected from among the humanitarian and technology communities, and a complete agenda covering the two-day event. We expect this event to create challenge working groups and set in motion a process for facilitating web-based collaboration on solution development that will continue after the conference closes.

We invite you to register

your interest in attending the Humanitarian Technology Challenge Conference, June 1-2, 2009 in Washington, DC, where top three top ‘humanitarian challenges’ identified by aid organizations will be presented and the solutions process will begin. The challenges are:

-Reliable Electricity – Availability of power for electronic devices in resource-constrained environments.
- Data Connectivity of Rural District Health Offices – Capability of exchanging data among remote field offices and central health facilities.
- Patient ID Tied to Health Records – Availability of consistent patient records, including when patients visit different clinics and when they relocate.

Today, the three winners of the Vodafone Wireless Innovation Project have been announced. The three winning innovations will share in prizes totaling up to $700,000 USD to support their next phase of advancement and implementation.

The winners are:

·         Energy Harvesting Active Networked Tags (EnHANTs) for Disaster Recovery Applications – A system that uses wireless devices to track and locate survivors trapped by fires and structural collapse. The system is based on energy harvesting tags using ultra low power communications. Developed by Professors Gil Zussman, Peter Kinget, Ioannis (John) Kymissis, Dan Rubenstein, and Xiaodong Wang of
Columbia University.

·         CelloPhone – A lensfree imaging platform on a cellphone for disease detection and diagnostics using digital holograms of the cells or bacteria, that is capable of monitoring HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and various other diseases. Developed by Dr. Aydogan Ozcan, Dr. Neven Karlovac and Dr. Yvonne Bryson of the University of California at Los Angeles.

·         CellScope: Mobile Microscopy for Disease Diagnosis – Transforms a conventional cell phone into a compact, high-resolution, handheld microscope with the capability of on-site disease diagnosis and wireless transmission of patient data to clinical centers for remote diagnosis & treatment. Developed by Dr. Daniel Fletcher, Dr. Erik Douglas and Dr. Wilbur Lam of the University of California at Berkeley.

More information – including project summaries, photos and video of the Wireless Innovation Project winners is online at http://project.vodafone-us.com.

This year, we had nearly 100 applicants from U.S. universities and nonprofit organizations.  The Project seeks innovations in wireless related technology to address a critical global issue in the areas of education, health, economic development, the environment or access to communication.

Nine finalists were chosen to give in-person presentations to an expert panel of judges that included Andrew Dunnett, Director of Vodafone Group Foundation; Melanie Edwards, Founder and CEO of Mobile Metrix; William (Bill) L. Keever, Vodafone Americas Foundation director and retired President Vodafone Asia Pacific; Jane Wales, President and CEO of the World Affairs Council of Northern California and the Global Philanthropy Forum; and Professor Michael Walker, Director of Vodafone Group Research and Development.

“This year’s Wireless Innovation Project winners hold tremendous promise for leveraging innovation to make a dramatic social difference at a global scale,” said Peters Suh, Chairman Vodafone Americas Foundation and President Vodafone Ventures Ltd. “The mobile microscope projects will make a substantial contribution to the rapidly-growing mobile health arena and the disaster recovery applications project has incredible potential to save lives in the case of natural disasters and in a myriad of other scenarios. We are extremely inspired by these innovations and excited to provide funding to help bring them closer to implementation.”

The Wireless Innovation Project winners will also be showcased on April 23^rd at the Global Philanthropy Forum in Washington, D.C. – a premiere gathering of 500 of the world’s top social investors, philanthropists, experts and activists working on matters of global concern.